The Illegal 16th Amendment

Now You Know The Rest Of The Story

The income tax amendment was pushed through Congress in 1909 by Sen. Nelson Aldrich, father-in-law of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and grandfather and namesake of Nelson A. Rockefeller.

At this time during the Taft administration, Philander Knox served as the Secretary of State from 1909 to 1913. Knox was for many years the primary attorney for the richest men in America, including Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan and the Vanderbilt's. Just a few days before he left office in 1913, to make way for the Wilson administration, Knox proclaimed the 16^th Amendment to be ratified, even though he knew it had not been legally ratified. The 16^th Amendment was not ratified as Knox had fraudulently proclaimed.

Ratified or not, the United States Supreme Court has ruled:

"...[the 16^th Amendment] conferred no new power of taxation...[and]...prohibited the...power of income taxation possessed by Congress from the beginning from being taken out of the category of indirect taxation to which it inherently belonged...".

– United States Supreme Court in Stanton v. Baltic Mining (1916)

Article V of the U.S. Constitution controls the amending process, which requires that three-fourths of the states ratify any amendment proposed by Congress. In 1913, there were 48 States in the American union, so to adopt any amendment required the affirmative act of 36 states.

The federal government claimed Kentucky was the second state to ratify the 16^th Amendment, on Feb. 8, 1910. However, the records of the State of Kentucky show that after the Kentucky House proposed a resolution to adopt the amendment and sent it to the Senate, on Feb. 8, 1910 the Kentucky Senate voted upon that resolution, but rejected it by a vote of 9 in favor and 22 opposed. Apparently, the Kentucky Senate never did ratify that amendment. Federal officials, who had possession of documents showing this rejection, nevertheless claimed Kentucky had ratified the amendment.

In Oklahoma, the proposed amendment was passed by the language of the 16^th Amendment in such a fashion as to have a precisely opposite meaning. The California legislative assembly never recorded any vote upon any proposal to adopt the 16^th Amendment. And whatever California did adopt bore no resemblance to what Congress had proposed. Several states engaged in the unauthorized activity of amending the language of the amendment proposed by Congress, a power that these states did not possess.

Minnesota sent nothing to the Secretary of State in Washington, but this did not stop Philander Knox from claiming that Minnesota ratified the amendment, regardless of the absence of any documentation from the State of Minnesota.

In February 1913, Knox issued a proclamation claiming that 38 states had ratified the amendment – including Kentucky, California, and Oklahoma. But since Kentucky had rejected the amendment, California had not voted on it, and Oklahoma wanted something entirely different, the amendment was not legally adopted, the number of ratifying States being only 35, which Knox said included Kentucky, California and Oklahoma. Then a total of 11 states failed to vote on the amendment, plus Minnesota sent in nothing. That would only leave 33 states, less the states that took it upon themselves to change the amendment. In the final analysis, if the process of the adoption of the 16^th Amendment is subjected to strict legal scrutiny, the amendment was never adopted. Knox told a boldface lie. Thus, Knox had created his clients’ the largest cartel in the world. Nevertheless, the people were not buying into the tax scheme, ever so cognizant that a 1894 income-tax was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1895.

During World War I, the secretary of the Treasury explicitly suggested use of "widespread propaganda" to convince the public to forgo their "needless pleasures". The Treasury Department implemented what it called a "campaign of education" regarding the income tax. Its "essential features" included government-supplied news stories and editorials as well as encouragement of special cartoons and films. Perhaps the most intriguing feature was its use of the clergy. The commissioner of Internal Revenue reported that "Thousands of clergymen, at the suggestion of the Bureau, made taxation the subject of at least one sermon." As a result of the "patriotic response" aroused "dissatisfaction and complaint over the burden imposed by taxation were minimized." Government officials commented that "the groundwork was laid for securing in ensuing years of prompt and regular response to revenue demands." To perpetuate its success, the Bureau of Internal Revenue advocated "the most intensive cultivation of intelligent public opinion" (U.S. Treasury Department 1919: 964-65, 974).

The citizens of America still didn’t buy into the scheme of income tax allowing politicians to coerce them out of their hard earned money. But the greedy politicians would not give up. To increase public awareness and acceptance of the income tax, the government used volunteer public speakers to persuade the American people that paying taxes was their patriotic duty to support the war effort. One-third of the cost of World War I was paid for by income taxes. Additional funds needed for the war effort were provided through war bonds, liberty loans and other government borrowing.

At the beginning of World War II, in 1939 about 15 % of the people paid income tax. That’s all! The government called on Walt Disney to produce a cartoon to support the war effort. Disney agreed and made a cartoon with Donald Duck. The cartoon urged the average American to save, not spend, their money...but to pay income tax to support the war. (Cartoon): You don’t wanna forget our fighting men, do you laddy? Donald: "No, Sir!!!" Then you’ll have to meet your tax payments... Donald also informed, "that it is ‘your privilege, not just your duty, but your privilege to help your government by paying your tax and paying it promptly’." More than 32 million people saw the film in the first few months of 1942, and a Gallup poll reported that "37 percent felt the film had affected their willingness to pay taxes." Without doubt, such government propaganda manipulated political information in ways that raised the expected marginal cost of income tax resistance. Revenues increased dramatically. In 1941 the government collected $7.4 billion in taxes. By 1945, the tax total had increased to $43 billion. At the end of the war the government had 80% of American families paying income tax. The willingness to pay income taxes and to buy more bonds demonstrated the deep involvement of the civilians caring and support to the military. Politicians had at last found the key to the unyielding pocket books of America. As the president and Congress imposed ever higher income taxes, tax payment was wrapped in patriotism and remains so today: the Korean War, the Cold War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, wars fought on behalf of the United Nations, Defense systems, supporting foreign governments in the name of freedom, etc.

Sixty years later nothing has changed; Americans are still paying taxes and being dumbed down by propaganda provided by the governments and the controlled media. Docile as we may be, with fluoride in our drinking water, we are entertained with sports, recreation, movies, and just about anything else you can name all for sanctioning taxation. Public education being controlled by governments has also played a key role in developing a subservient citizen towards taxation and government. To prove this point we need only to look at what we are being told today. The government says "Budget Surplus," a normal person would say, "No, Excessive Taxation", or "Abusive Taxation". The government says it’s "their money", a normal person would say, "No, it’s my money!" The government doesn’t trust you with "your money", and therefore must decide on how it will be spent. And being a people fearful of the tyrants in government, we say nothing.

The truth is there is no Constitutional law for income tax as it is applied to the masses today.

I just received the following remarkable post from an unknown source.
Has anyone else received this? Does anyone know the author? No doubt
this will cause the proverbial fur to fly in certain quarters. Very
interesting and, IMHO, dead on the money.

UNWITTING TOOLS OR ERRANT FOOLS?:
Misguided Patriots Furthering The Bankers' Original
Agenda - by Publius

4 July, 2000

A PETITION TITLED a "Remonstrance" has been widely
circulated of late on the Internet, urged to be signed
by good Americans everywhere, and to be presented
ceremoniously to the Congress, demanding that the
16th Amendment to the Constitution -- provably never
properly ratified -- now be repealed forthwith, the
objective being the ostensible "relief" of the People
from the allegedly onerous income tax.

THE 16TH AMENDMENT, a superb bit of sophistry intended
to affix the approbation of the supreme Court on the
newly introduced tax on incomes (Tax Act of 1913)
-ï¿½ as well as a clever tool of mass mind-engineering
designed to seduce the public into acceptance of a tax
meant only to "soak the rich" -- actually changed
NOTHING, as stated by the high Court itself in the
Stanton v. Baltic Mining decision wherein the 16th
is explicitly confirmed to have conferred "no new power
of taxation".

SEE ALSO THE 1979 Congressional Research Service report
titled "Some Constitutional Questions On The Federal
Income Tax" in which the Congress confirms that the
income tax is NOT a direct tax but an indirect tax,
prohibited by the 16th Amendment from being taken OUT
of the category of indirect taxes to which it inherently
belonged from the beginning and placed INTO the category
of direct taxation, thereby subject to the rule of
apportionment.

THIS CALL FOR "repeal" is but a fool's errand. Cannot
today's patriots read English? Direct taxes must still
be apportioned to the States under Article 1, Section 2,
Clause 3 and Article 1, Section 9, Clause 4. Never has
there been any constitutional authority whatsoever given
to Congress to directly tax the property -- including the
labors -- of the citizen living and working within the
union States. This was true as of the very moment the ink
had dried on the 16th, and remains true to this day.
Could it be that the advocates of this "Remonstrance"
were all government-schooled?

THE INCOME TAX imposed under subtitle A of the Internal
Revenue Code is an exaction which does not touch
Americans living and working with the union States for it
taxes FOREIGN and NOT domestic sources of taxable income.
No amendment to the Constitution was required to tax
aliens. Here's your sign!

NOR IS IT "voluntary" as these addlepated missionaries
also assert, but is limited in its application (as is all
law, making the assertion of a "voluntary" law entirely
ludicrous on its face) solely to those who are made
liable for the tax, i.e., the domestic withholding agents
of foreigners doing business within the union States (see
26 USC section 1461).

THIS FEDERAL TAXING scheme, whereby foreigners were (and
are) to be taxed (via excise tariffs, duties and imposts
on imports) on the privilege of selling into America's
vast markets while leaving the citizen free of all
internal taxation, was envisioned by the Framers of the
Constitution and can be summarized in the simple phrase:
"citizens abroad and foreigners here at home". This same
constitutional scheme has been in place since Washington
first took office.

NO CITIZEN WHO has never withheld from foreigners nor
ever enjoyed foreign source income has ever paid so much
as a dime in federal income tax. He has paid employment
taxes with have nothing whatsoever to do with income tax.
So much for "freeing" "tax-burdened" Americans. Ah, the
price of ignorance!

INDEED, A READING of the tax laws proves the Framers'
principles to still ring true as evidenced by the fact
that the tax code remains one-hundred percent
constitutional in its application, with or without the
16th Amendment.

BANQUETS ARE HELD and eloquent luminaries in the "tax
movement" brought forth to stir up the anger of an
ignorant public and to foment support for this specious
non-issue. "Repeal the 16th!" "Abolish the IRS!" "Rip the
code out by the roots and throw it away!" Many noble
trees are sacrificed in their youth to paper the nation
with this tripe. Why repeal a nullity?

WHY ABOLISH A perfectly lawful agency, charged with the
duty of collecting internal revenue from the proper
subjects of taxation? Why throw out subtitle A when it
taxes no citizen on domestic source income? Why not slay
Santa Clause and the Tooth Fairy while we're at it?

FAILED ATTEMPTS AT C-SPAN coverage are railed against.
Full page ads are run in national publications,
guaranteed to awaken and arouse -- and eventually
perplex and mislead (some over the cliff) -- entire
legions of still dozing Americans. Who will go back and
correct the egregious error introduced into these
millions of dazzled minds? The irresponsibility of it
all.

ALL OF WHICH efforts, ostensibly intended to beg a
whoring and seditious legislature to "please give us
back our labors", disgust the mind of serious
constitutionalists everywhere. Have our would-be
saviors of the working class never read the Internal
Revenue Code? Or the Constitution?

IN 1913, THE ancient occult monarchies of Europe who
continue to back and control the bankers to the present
day, after failing to conquer the colonies through
martial force, achieved their dream of installing
permanent central banking in America.

IN THE EARLY 1900's, their puppet anglophile shills on
Wall Street (J.P. Morgan, etc.) had conveyed their vast
holdings into trusts and foundations, all the while
methodically buying up controlling interest in the major
newspapers of the day, which propaganda vehicles they
then used to argue incessantly for an income tax to
"soak the rich" -- i.e., themselves.

IN 1909, THE Congress, thoroughly bought and controlled
by the bankers, proposed the 16th Amendment to the states
for ratification. For four years, a naive and trusting
American People were told repeatedly in the banker's own
newspapers -- the only media of the day -- that "the
income tax is coming", but that "no one will pay it but
the very rich". Let us "soak the rich!"

THE RICH SUCCEEDED. In 1913, the game was won. The 16th
Amendment was declared "ratified", although later
investigation in the 1980's proved the fraud behind the
scheme. The banker's 1913 trifecta was achieved: 1) the
16th was "ratified"; 2) the Tax Act of 1913 (which taxed
imports of foreign investment income) was passed, and;
3) the Federal Reserve Act was passed.

THIS SCHEME, LONG since perfected in European central
banks (all owned by the elite money power), whereby
monies levied on the incomes of working Americans
through the deliberate misapplication of tax laws
aimed at foreigners would be continuously removed from
circulation, has now achieved the necessary regulatory
recapture mechanism ï¿½- the protection of the buying
power of an eternally depreciating, fiat, paper "money".

BEARDSLEY RUML, FORMER Chairman of the Federal Reserve
Bank of New York and the Alan Redspan of his day,
confirmed these facts in his 1942 paper titled "Taxes
For Revenue Are Obsolete" which he read before an amazed
American Bar Association.

THE CURRENT MISGUIDED agitation to repeal the 16th
Amendment will, if successful, validate increased
pressures being placed on Congress to "do something,
anything!" by a Treasury Department now reeling under the
growing mass of non-filers as "voluntary compliance"
continues to plummet.

THE BANKERS DREAM of a new and alternative form of
taxation, one which will placate an awakening public and
allow them to go harmlessly back to sleep; a new and
"convenient" taxing scheme that will march America sharply
forward towards the National Sales Tax (NST) the bankers
so badly want, mirroring as it would the same mechanism
by which proprietors in those states which levy state
sales tax collect and pass the withheld tax in to the
state treasuries, reporting the collections on the
equivalent of a simple postcard.

THESE MONOPOLY BANKERS and their European handlers drool
and rub their hands over the prospects of a totally
cashless society, one in which all monetary transactions
down to the smallest retail purchase will be known to
them while actually occurring, in so-called "real-time"
(rent the video "THX1138").

THEY DREAM OF this "postcard payment" scheme operating on
the national level, knowing that the businesses which
would withhold the NST would be mandated to pay it via
electronic transmission, the "e-filing" mechanism the
elite so eagerly seek and which has yet to be adopted by
a wary public.

MEANWHILE, OUR FOOLISH present-day petitioners in effect
do nothing more than further the bankers' original
campaign of mass manipulation of the public mind, thereby
enabling the elite's original program of psychopolitical
engineering designed, not to liberate, but to further
enslave the People with their own money.

LET THE NAIVE take note: The withholding of Social
Security employment (wage) tax under subtitle C of the
Internal Revenue Code will NEVER be relinquished by
Congress for it is the very river of milk which flows
weekly from the labors of the People straight into the
national Treasury.

THE BANKERS, THROUGH the introduction of a NST to replace
the present subtitle A income tax, would achieve a
perfected bilevel system of regulated recapture of and
control over the engineered emission and velocity of
credit and paper -- namely, an employment tax ceiling
above and a NST floor below, the rates of each to be
adjusted over time to perfect and fine-tune the ploy,
with the People trapped and suffocated in between.

MEANWHILE, TAX COMPLIANCE enforcement efforts directed
against just a few million businesses as opposed to
one-hundred million potential citizen non-filers will
allow truly draconian enforcement measures to proliferate
and succeed.

A PUBLIC CONDITIONED to "think" in such short bursts of
non-rational, emotional mentation as to avoid a drain on
its limited attention span always gravitates to the most
simply digested arguments, all fodder for tyranny.

THE FACT THAT so much accurate and substantive education
is now available as to the true nature of the lawful,
constitutional scheme of federal taxation, as well as
its deliberate and willful misapplication by the IRS,
makes the misguided efforts of our "tax saviours" all
the more reprehensible.

INDEED, THESE ARE the times that try educated men's souls.
The tyrants in government stand before us and the flag
bearers of a fool's army behind. Of the two, the army to
our rear presents the greater danger.

THE SUMMER SOLDIER and the sunshine patriot will, in this
crisis, shrink from the service of their country and
continue to tithe income taxes to the tyranny that
overtakes them; but s/he that stands now and supports the
truth, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.

TAX TYRANNY, LIKE Hell, is not easily conquered; yet we
have this consolation with us, that the harder the
conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain
too cheap in meretricious "relief", we esteem too lightly:
it is dearness only that gives security its appearance of
value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon liberty;
and it would be strange indeed if so celestial an article
as true tax freedom should not be highly rated.

THIS IS OUR situation, and who will may know it. By
perseverance and fortitude we have the prospect of a
glorious issue; by cowardice, submission and foolish
ignorance, the sad choice of a variety of evils ... Look
on this picture and weep over it! And if there yet remains
one thoughtless wretch who believes it not, let him suffer
it unlamented.

With all due regards and apologies to Jay, Hamilton and
Madison.